(Video uploaded 04/2023)

Transcript

What is human papillomavirus?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 100 types of viruses, around 40 of which can infect the genital areas of men and women mainly through sexual contact. It is an important cause of cervical cancer and is also associated with other types of genital cancer.

What is high-risk and low-risk HPV?

Some HPVs are high-risk types as they can cause cervical cancer. Others are low-risk types and can cause genital warts. Studies suggest that up to 75% of all sexually active people will eventually be infected with HPV some time in their lives. Most people who become infected with HPV do not have symptoms and the infection clears on its own. Cervical cancer may develop if there is persistent infection of the high risk HPV.

How can I lower my risk of getting infected with HPV?

Anyone who is sexually active is at risk of getting HPV. You can lower your chances of getting HPV by limiting the number of sexual partners, or choosing a sexual partner who has had no or few sexual partners. Condoms may also lower the risk of getting HPV but HPV can still infect areas that are not covered by a condom.

What is the HPV vaccine?

It is a vaccine used to protect against infection by certain HPV types. The 2 high risk HPV types (HPV-16 and HPV-18) account for about 70% of cervical cancer and vaccines prevent infection by these 2 high-risk HPV types.

Who are suitable for HPV vaccination?

The vaccine is most effective in women who have never been exposed to HPV-16 and HPV-18 infections. For the HPV vaccine to work best, it is important to complete the vaccination before the commencement of sexual activity. It does not treat or cure HPV infection. Pregnant women should not receive the vaccine as there is limited data on the safety of the vaccine in pregnancy.

Is the HPV vaccine safe and effective?

Based on current evidence, the vaccine is considered to be safe and effective. It offers at least five years of protection. It is not yet known if booster doses will be needed in the long run.

The common side effects are mild and include soreness, redness or swelling around the injection site.

How is the HPV vaccine given?

The vaccine is given as a series of 2 to 3 injections over a 6-month period.

Will the vaccinated women still need to have cervical screening?

HPV-vaccinated women should still undergo regular cervical screening. They can develop cervical cancer caused by HPV types not included in the vaccine and the vaccine cannot clear the virus in those who are already infected. The cervical screening test effectively picks up the pre-cancerous cell changes which can be treated to prevent cervical cancer. Therefore, the HPV vaccine cannot replace cervical screening.

Where can I get the HPV vaccine?

If you are thinking about getting vaccinated against HPV, please discuss further with your family doctor.

For more information on HPV, HPV vaccine and cervical screening, please visit the Department of Health's Cervical Screening Programme website: www.cervicalscreening.gov.hk.